clientism

clientism often thrives in fragile democracies where public jobs are exchanged for loyalty.

the report documents clientism in local councils, with contracts awarded to political allies.

researchers warned that clientism can erode trust in institutions over time.

anti-corruption reforms targeted clientism by tightening rules on public procurement.

clientism networks grew stronger when party leaders controlled access to welfare benefits.

the candidate denied clientism allegations and promised merit-based appointments.

journalists investigated clientism scandals involving kickbacks and favoured suppliers.

clientism politics can distort policy priorities away from public needs.

voters sometimes tolerate clientism when it delivers short-term material support.

the study compares clientism practices across regions with different electoral systems.

strong oversight can curb clientism by making patronage harder to hide.

community leaders criticized clientism for turning public services into political bargaining chips.