the kuznets curve illustrates how inequality first rises and then falls during economic development.
库兹涅茨曲线说明了经济发展过程中不平等如何先上升后下降。
economists continue to debate the kuznets hypothesis regarding income distribution.
经济学家继续就收入分配的库兹涅茨假说进行辩论。
many developing nations have tested the kuznets theory through policy experiments.
许多发展中国家通过政策实验检验了库兹涅茨理论。
the kuznets phenomenon describes the temporary increase in inequality during industrialization.
库兹涅茨现象描述了工业化过程中不平等暂时增加的现象。
researchers identified a kuznets pattern in several latin american economies.
研究人员在几个拉丁美洲经济体中发现了库兹涅茨模式。
the inverted-u shape of the kuznets curve remains controversial among scholars.
库兹涅茨曲线的倒u形状在学者中仍然存在争议。
environmental economists have applied the kuznets curve to pollution and growth.
环境经济学家已将库兹涅茨曲线应用于污染与增长的研究。
the kuznets effect can be observed during rapid urbanization periods.
库兹涅茨效应可以在快速城市化时期观察到。
some scholars argue that the kuznets cycle has changed in the digital era.
一些学者认为库兹涅茨周期在数字时代已经发生了变化。
agricultural transformation often triggers the kuznets process in traditional societies.
农业转型通常会触发传统社会中的库兹涅茨过程。
cross-country studies have challenged the universal applicability of kuznets curves.
跨国研究挑战了库兹涅茨曲线的普遍适用性。
the original kuznets research was based on historical data from western nations.
最初的库兹涅茨研究基于西方国家的历史数据。
the kuznets curve illustrates how inequality first rises and then falls during economic development.
库兹涅茨曲线说明了经济发展过程中不平等如何先上升后下降。
economists continue to debate the kuznets hypothesis regarding income distribution.
经济学家继续就收入分配的库兹涅茨假说进行辩论。
many developing nations have tested the kuznets theory through policy experiments.
许多发展中国家通过政策实验检验了库兹涅茨理论。
the kuznets phenomenon describes the temporary increase in inequality during industrialization.
库兹涅茨现象描述了工业化过程中不平等暂时增加的现象。
researchers identified a kuznets pattern in several latin american economies.
研究人员在几个拉丁美洲经济体中发现了库兹涅茨模式。
the inverted-u shape of the kuznets curve remains controversial among scholars.
库兹涅茨曲线的倒u形状在学者中仍然存在争议。
environmental economists have applied the kuznets curve to pollution and growth.
环境经济学家已将库兹涅茨曲线应用于污染与增长的研究。
the kuznets effect can be observed during rapid urbanization periods.
库兹涅茨效应可以在快速城市化时期观察到。
some scholars argue that the kuznets cycle has changed in the digital era.
一些学者认为库兹涅茨周期在数字时代已经发生了变化。
agricultural transformation often triggers the kuznets process in traditional societies.
农业转型通常会触发传统社会中的库兹涅茨过程。
cross-country studies have challenged the universal applicability of kuznets curves.
跨国研究挑战了库兹涅茨曲线的普遍适用性。
the original kuznets research was based on historical data from western nations.
最初的库兹涅茨研究基于西方国家的历史数据。
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