Regular Plurals

Rules for forming plural nouns in English

Regular Plurals
PatternRuleExamples
+ sMost nouns: add -s
book→books
cat→cats
dog→dogs
+ esNouns ending in -s, -x, -z, -ch, -sh: add -es
bus→buses
box→boxes
church→churches
dish→dishes
y → iesNouns ending in consonant + y: change y to -ies
city→cities
baby→babies
story→stories
f/fe → vesNouns ending in -f or -fe: change to -ves
knife→knives
leaf→leaves
wife→wives
life→lives
wolf→wolves
o + esSome nouns ending in -o: add -es
tomato→tomatoes
potato→potatoes
hero→heroes

FAQ

What are the rules for making English nouns plural?

Most English nouns add -s to form the plural. Nouns ending in -s, -x, -z, -ch, or -sh add -es. Nouns ending in consonant + y change y to -ies. Nouns ending in -f or -fe change to -ves. Some nouns ending in -o add -es.

What are irregular plural nouns?

Irregular plural nouns don't follow standard rules. Common examples include man/men, woman/women, child/children, foot/feet, tooth/teeth, mouse/mice, and person/people.

Which English nouns have the same singular and plural form?

Some nouns are unchanged in plural form, including sheep, fish, deer, species, series, and aircraft. These are called zero-plural or invariable nouns.

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